2.5 Richard 是 能力真強 ê 人

2.5 Richard sī lêng-le̍k chin kiông ê lâng

I ōaⁿ tha̍k tē-2 pún chheh.

Tē-2 pún chheh sī chiàⁿ-pān ê Ha̍k-hāu Le̍k-sú Khò-pún. 2,000 nî ê England le̍k-sú kā kuix kíx an-pâi chò bô-kāng ê chiuⁿ-chat, hong-piān sûi-sî cha-chhōe. Chiah-ê chiuⁿ-chat, chiàu-lē sī kō͘ kok-ông ê thóng-tī sî-kî lâi an-pâi. Bo̍k-koài lán-lâng kā chi̍t-ê jîn-bu̍t tèng tī chi̍t-ê ông-tiâu, soah bē kì-tit chit-ê jîn-bu̍t kî-si̍t mā bat seng-oa̍h tī pa̍t-ê ông thóng-tī ê sî. Lán-lâng lóng chū-tōng kā in khǹg tī bô-kāng ê keh-á lāi-bīn. Pepys: Charles II. Shakespeare: Elizabeth. Marlborough: Anne Lú-ông. Lán-lâng m̄-bat siūⁿ kòe, kìⁿ kòe Elizabeth Lú-ông ê lâng, mā khó-lêng kìⁿ kòe George I. Lán chū gín-á sî tō tèng-tiâu tī chit-chióng “Ông-tiâu Sî-tāi” ê kài-liām.

Put-jî-kò, án-ne mā khak-si̍t hō͘ tāi-chì piàn khah kán-tan, iû-kî tī lí put-kò sī chi̍t-ê kha siū-siong, liông-kut cháu-cheng ê kéng-chhat, siūⁿ boeh cha-chhōe chi̍t-kóa kòe-khì ê ông-sek sêng-oân, koh bô-ài pek kah khí-siáu ê sî.

I kiaⁿ chi̍t-tiô, hoat-hiān Richard III ê ông-tiâu hiah-nī té. Tī England 2,000 nî ê le̍k-sú tiong-kan, koh kan-ta ū 2-nî ê sî-kan, Richard III chiâⁿ-chò chi̍t-ê thong-lâng chai ê thóng-tī-chiá, che bô-gî hián-sī i sī chi̍t-ê tōa kak-sek. Tō kóng Richard bô siáⁿ pêng-iú, i tek-khak éng-hióng chēx lâng.

Chit-pún le̍k-sú chheh mā jīn-ûi i chin ū kò-sèng.

Richard sī chi̍t-ê lêng-le̍k chin kiông ê lâng, tān ūi-tio̍h ta̍t-sêng bo̍k-tek, i bô kéng chhiú-tōaⁿ. I tōa-táⁿ chú-tiuⁿ ka-tī eng-tong kè-sêng ông-ūi, in-ūi in hiaⁿ-ko kap Elizabeth Woodville ê hun-in bô-hāu, só͘ seⁿ ê gín-á sī su-seng chú. I tit-tio̍h peh-sèⁿ ê chiap-siū, in-ūi in kiaⁿ khì hō͘ bōe sêng-liân ê kun-ông thóng-tī. I ê thóng-tī khai-sí tī sûn-iû lâm-pō͘ tē-khu, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī hia siū-tio̍h jia̍t-lia̍t ê hoan-gêng. M̄-koh tī chit-tōaⁿ sûn-iû kî-kan, tòa tī Thah ni̍h ê 2-ê siàu-liân Ông-chú soah sit-chong khì, it-poaⁿ jīn-ûi sī cho-siū bô͘-sat.

Sòa lo̍h-lâi hoat-seng chi̍t-tiûⁿ giâm-tiōng ê poān-loān, Richard iōng ke̍k chân-khok ê chhiú-tōaⁿ kā he tìn-ap lo̍h-lâi. Ūi-tio̍h boeh tit-hôe chi̍t-kóa sit-khì ê bîn-sim, i tiàu-khai Kok-hōe, thong-kòe chi̍t-kóa si̍t-iōng ê hoat-lu̍t, hùi-tî Chû-siān Sòe (Benevolences), Ûi-hō͘ Sòe (Maintenance), kap Sū-chiông Chè (Livery).

Tān, tē-2 ê poān-loān tòe-leh lâi. Che sī iû Lancaster hun-ki ê thâu-lâng Henry Tudor só͘ hoat-tōng, ín-chhōa Franse kun-tūi ji̍p-chhim England. I tī Leicester hū-kīn ê Bosworth kap Richard kau-chiàn, Stanley ka-cho̍k ê pōe-poān hō͘ Henry tit-tio̍h sèng-lī. Richard eng-ióng chiàn-sí tī chiàn-tàu, lâu chi̍t-ê chhàu-miâ bē khah su John Ông.

Chû-siān Sòe, Ûi-hō͘ Sòe, kap Sū-chiông Chè tàu-té sī siáⁿ óaⁿ-ko?

Eng-kok lâng iū chóaⁿ-iūⁿ hō͘ Frranse kun-tūi lâi koat-tēng in ê kè-sêng jîn neh? Tong-jiân, tī Mûi-kùi Chiàn-cheng sî-kî, tùi England lâi kóng, Franse iáu sī chi̍t-ê pòaⁿ hū-sio̍k kok-ka; tùi England lâng lâi kóng, Franse bô chhiūⁿ Ireland hiah-nī chheⁿ-hūn. Tī 15 sè-kí, England lâng khì Franse sī kai tong-jiân ê tāi-chì; tān nā khì Irland, he sī boeh khì khòng-gī.

I tó-leh, su-khó hit-ê England. Hit-ê chò-ûi Mûi-kùi Chiàn-cheng chiàn-tiûⁿ ê England. Chi̍t-ê le̍k iûx, chheⁿ piàngx ê England; ùi Cumberland kàu Cornwall, chi̍t-ki ian-tâng to bô. Chi̍t-ê iáu bô ûi-lî ê England, ū chhiong-móa la̍h-bu̍t ê tōa sim-lîm tòa, kap kāu iá-khîm ê khòng-khoah làm-tē.

Chi̍t-ê múi keh kúi mai tō it-chài tiông-ho̍k kāng-khoán sió chhun-chng ê England: siâⁿ-pó, kàu-tn̂g, chhun-sià; siu-tō-īⁿ, kàu-tn̂g, chhun-sià; chong-hn̂g, kàu-tn̂g, chhun-sià. Chhun-chng ê chiu-ûi sī chèng-choh ê chhân-tē, koh gōa-kháu tō sī chi̍t-phiàn chheⁿ-chhùi.

Bô làng-phāng ê chheⁿ-chhùi. Ū chhimx chhia-lián kau ê sió lō͘, ùi chit chng kàu hit chng, kôaⁿ-thiⁿ im tī thô͘-môe, joa̍h-thiⁿ pe̍h-sek thô͘-hún iāⁿx poe; sûi-tio̍h kùi-chiat ê thè-ōaⁿ, iân lō͘ khui móa iá mûi-kùi a̍h sī kòa móa âng-sek sian-cha.

Tī chit-phiàn chheⁿ linx, jîn-kháu langx ê thó͘-tē téng, Mûi-kùi Chiàn-cheng phah 30-nî. Nā boeh kóng che sī chiàn-cheng, put-jû kóng sī ka-cho̍k oan-ke. Chhin-chhiūⁿ Montague ka-cho̍k kap Capulet ka-cho̍k ê un-oàn; kap phó͘-thong Eng-kok lâng bô siáⁿ tōa koan-hē. Bô-lâng ē chông ji̍p lín chhù, mn̄g lí sī York Phài a̍h Lancaster Phài, nā lí ê hôe-tap m̄-tio̍h, tō kā lí thoa khì chi̍p-tiong iâⁿ.

Che sī chi̍t-tiûⁿ sió-hêng chi̍p-tiong ê chiàn-cheng; bē-su sī chi̍t-tiûⁿ su-jîn iàn-hōe. In tī lín tau ê bo̍k-tiûⁿ sio-phah, iōng lín tau chàu-kha chò kiù-hō͘ chām, jiân-āu koh sóa kàu pa̍t-ūi a̍h tó-ūi, koh tī hia chhia-piaⁿ, kàu kúi lé-pài liáu-āu lí chiah ē thiaⁿ-tio̍h he chhia-piàⁿ ê kiat-kó, jiân-āu lí ē in-ūi lín bó͘ sī Lancaster Phài, á lí sī York Phài, nn̄g-lâng khí oan-ke, che it-chhè bē-su chhiūⁿ tòe tùi-te̍k ê kha-kiû tūi kāng-khoán.

Bô-lâng ē in-ūi lí sī Lancaster Phài a̍h York Phài pek-hāi lí, tō chhin-chhīiuⁿ lí bē in-ūi sī Arsenal kiû-bê a̍h Chelsea kiû-bê pī pek-hāi kāng-khoán.

I khùn-khì ê sî, iáu-koh teh siūⁿ hit-ê chheⁿ-chhùi ê England.

Tùi hit 2-ê siàu-liân Ông-chú, i iáu-koh sī bô cheng-ka sin ê tì-hūi.

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2.5 Richard 是 能力真強 ê 人

伊換讀 第 2 本冊.

第2 本冊 是正範 ê 學校 歷史課本. 2,000 年 ê England 歷史 kā kuix kíx 安排做 無仝 ê 章節, 方便 隨時查揣. Chiah-ê 章節, 照例是 kō͘ 國王 ê 統治時期 來安排. 莫怪 咱人 kā 一个人物 釘 tī 一个王朝, 煞袂記得 這个人物 其實 mā bat 生活 tī 別个王 統治 ê 時. 咱人 lóng 自動 kā in 囥 tī 無仝 ê 格仔內面. Pepys: Charles II. Shakespeare: Elizabeth. Marlborough: Anne 女王. 咱人 m̄-bat 想過, 見過 Elizabeth 女王 ê 人, mā 可能見過 George I. 咱 自囡仔 時 tō 釘牢 tī 這種 “王朝時代” ê 概念.

不而過, án-ne mā 確實 hō͘ 代誌變 khah 簡單, 尤其 tī 你 不過是 一个 跤受傷, 龍骨走精 ê 警察, 想欲查揣 一寡 過去 ê 王室成員, koh 無愛迫 kah 起痟 ê 時.

伊 驚一趒, 發現 Richard III ê 王朝 hiah-nī 短. Tī England 2,000 年 ê 歷史中間, koh 干焦有 2 年 ê 時間, Richard III 成做 一个 通人知 ê 統治者, che 無疑顯示 伊是 一个 大角色. Tō 講 Richard 無啥朋友, 伊 的確 影響 chēx 人.

這本 歷史冊 mā 認為 伊 真有個性.

Richard 是一个 能力真強 ê 人, 但 為著 達成目的, 伊無揀 手段. 伊大膽 主張 ka-tī 應當 繼承王位, 因為 in 兄哥 kap Elizabeth Woodville ê 婚姻 無效, 所生 ê 囡仔 是 私生子. 伊得著 百姓 ê 接受, 因為 in 驚去 hō͘ 未成年 ê 君王統治. 伊 ê 統治 開始 tī 巡遊 南部地區, 並且 tī hia 受著 熱烈 ê 歡迎. 毋過 tī 這段 巡遊期間, 蹛 tī 塔 ni̍h ê 2 个 少年王子 煞 失蹤去, 一般 認為是 遭受謀殺.

紲落來 發生 一場 嚴重 ê 叛亂, Richard 用 極殘酷 ê 手段 kā he 鎮壓落來. 為著欲 得回一寡 失去 ê 民心, 伊 召開國會, 通過 一寡 實用 ê 法律, 廢除慈善稅 (Benevolences), 維護稅 (Maintenance), kap 侍從制 (Livery).

但, 第 2 个 叛亂綴 leh 來. 這是 由 Lancaster 分支 ê 頭人 Henry Tudor 所發動, 引𤆬 Franse 軍隊入侵 England. 伊 tī Leicester 附近 ê Bosworth kap Richard 交戰, Stanley 家族 ê 背叛 hō͘ Henry 得著勝利. Richard 英勇戰死 tī 戰鬥, 留一个臭名 袂較輸 John 王.

慈善稅, 維護稅, kap 侍從制 到底是 啥碗糕?

英國人 又怎樣 hō͘ Frranse 軍隊 來決定 in ê 繼承人 neh?

當然, tī 玫瑰戰爭 時期, 對 England 來講, Franse 猶是一个 半附屬 國家; 對 England 人 來講, Franse 無像 Ireland hiah-nī 生份. Tī 15 世紀, England 人 去 Franse 是 該當然 ê 代誌; 但 若去 Irland, he 是 欲去抗議.

伊倒 leh, 思考 彼个 England. 彼个做為 玫瑰戰爭 戰場 ê England. 一个 綠 iûx, 青 piàngx ê England; ùi Cumberland 到 Cornwall, 一支煙筒 to 無. 一个 猶無 圍籬 ê England, 有充滿 獵物 ê 大森林帶, kap 厚野禽 ê 曠闊湳地. 

一个 每隔 幾 mai tō 一再重複 仝款 小村庄 ê England: 城堡, 教堂, 村舍; 修道院, 教堂, 村舍; 莊園, 教堂, 村舍. 村庄 ê 周圍是 種作 ê 田地, koh 外口 tō 是 一遍 青翠. 

無閬縫 ê 青翠. 有 chhimx 車輪溝 ê 小路, ùi 這庄 到 彼庄, 寒天 淹 tī 塗糜, 熱天 白色塗粉 iāⁿx 飛; 隨著季節 ê 替換, 沿路開滿 野玫瑰 a̍h是 掛滿 紅色仙楂.

Tī 這遍 青 linx, 人口 langx ê 土地頂, 玫瑰戰爭 拍 30 年. 若欲講 這是 戰爭, 不如講 是 家族冤家. 親像 Montague 家族 kap Capulet 家族 ê 恩怨; kap 普通 英國人 無啥 大關係. 無人 會 傱入 恁厝, 問你 是 York 派 a̍h Lancaster 派, 若 你 ê 回答毋著, tō kā 你 拖去 集中營. 

這是 一場 小型 集中 ê 戰爭; 袂輸是 一場 私人宴會. In tī 恁兜 ê 牧場 相拍, 用 恁兜 灶跤做 救護站, 然後 koh 徙到 別位 a̍h 佗位, koh tī hia 捙拚, 到 幾禮拜 了後 你才會 聽著 he 捙拚 ê 結果, 然後 你會 因為 恁某 是 Lancaster 派, á 你是 York 派, 兩人 起冤家, che 一切 袂輸像 綴 對敵 ê 跤球隊 仝款. 

無人 會因為 你是 Lancaster 派 a̍h York 派 迫害你, tō 親像 你袂 因為是 Arsenal 球迷 a̍h Chelsea 球迷 被迫害 仝款.

伊睏去 ê 時, 猶閣 teh 想 彼个青翠 ê England.

對 hit 2 个 少年王子, 伊 猶閣是 無增加 新 ê 智慧.

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2.5

He turned to the second book.

The second book was the School History proper. The two thousand years of England’s story were neatly[Pg 37] parcelled into compartments for ready reference. The compartments, as usual, were reigns. It was no wonder that one pinned a personality to a reign, forgetful that that personality had known and lived under other kings. One put them in pigeon-holes automatically. Pepys: Charles II. Shakespeare: Elizabeth. Marlborough: Queen Anne. It never crossed one’s mind that someone who had seen Queen Elizabeth could also have seen George I. One had been conditioned to the reign idea from childhood.

However it did simplify things when you were just a policeman with a game leg and a concussed spine hunting up some information on dead and gone royalties to keep yourself from going crazy.

He was surprised to find the reign of Richard III so short. To have made oneself one of the best-known rulers in all those two thousand years of England’s history, and to have had only two years to do it in, surely augured a towering personality. If Richard had not made friends he had certainly influenced people.

The history book, too, thought that he had personality.

Richard was a man of great ability, but quite unscrupulous as to his means. He boldly claimed the crown on the absurd ground that his brother’s marriage with Elizabeth Woodville had been illegal and the children of it illegitimate. He was accepted by the people, who dreaded a minority, and began his reign by making a progress through the south, where he was well received. During this progress, however, the two young Princes who were living in the Tower, disappeared, and were believed to have been murdered.

[Pg 38]A serious rebellion followed, which Richard put down with great ferocity. In order to recover some of his lost popularity he held a Parliament, which passed useful statutes against Benevolences, Maintenance, and Livery.

But a second rebellion followed. This took the form of an invasion, with French troops, by the head of the Lancaster branch, Henry Tudor. He encountered Richard at Bosworth, near Leicester, where the treachery of the Stanleys gave the day to Henry. Richard was killed in the battle, fighting courageously, leaving behind him a name hardly less infamous than that of John.

What on earth were Benevolences, Maintenance, and Livery?

And how did the English like having the succession decided for them by French troops?

But, of course, in the days of the Roses, France was still a sort of semi-detached part of England; a country much less foreign to an Englishman than Ireland was. A fifteenth-century Englishman went to France as a matter of course; but to Ireland only under protest.

He lay and thought about that England. The England over which the Wars of the Roses had been fought. A green, green England; with not a chimney-stack from Cumberland to Cornwall. An England still unhedged, with great forests alive with game, and wide marshes thick with wild-fowl. /

An England with the same small group of dwellings repeated every few miles in endless permutation: castle, church, and cottages; monastery, church, and cottages; manor, church, and cottages. The[Pg 39] strips of cultivation round the cluster of dwellings, and beyond that the greenness. /

The unbroken greenness. The deep-rutted lanes that ran from group to group, mired to bog in the winter and white with dust in the summer; decorated with wild roses or red with hawthorn as the seasons came and went.

For thirty years, over this green uncrowded land, the Wars of the Roses had been fought. But it had been more of a blood feud than a war. A Montague and Capulet affair; of no great concern to the average Englishman. No one pushed in at your door to demand whether you were York or Lancaster and to hale you off to a concentration camp if your answer proved to be the wrong one for the occasion. /

It was a small concentrated war; almost a private party. They fought a battle in your lower meadow, and turned your kitchen into a dressing-station, and then moved off somewhere or other to fight a battle somewhere else, and a few weeks later you would hear what had happened at that battle, and you would have a family row about the result because your wife was probably Lancaster and you were perhaps York, and it was all rather like following rival football teams. /

No one persecuted you for being a Lancastrian or a Yorkist, any more than you would be persecuted for being an Arsenal fan or a Chelsea follower.

He was still thinking of that green England when he fell asleep.

And he was not a whit wiser about the two young Princes and their fate.

[Pg 40]

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