Chiuⁿ 8.
8.1 Le̍k-sú ê bé-chhùi: Richard III “o͘ châi-liāu” ê goân-thâu
“Eh,” tán Marta koh-lâi ê sî, yi kóng, “lí kám-kak góa hit-chiah mô͘ chhàngx iûⁿ-ko án-chóaⁿ?”
“Lí ūi góa chhōe-tio̍h i, si̍t-chāi chiâⁿ hó.”
“Góa bián chhōe i lah. I tiux tī góa hia se̍h. I bē-su tòa tī kio̍k-tiûⁿ neh. I tiāⁿ-tio̍h í-keng khòaⁿ ‘Chē Óaⁿ Chhut-hái’ 500 pái ah. Nā m̄-sī tī Atlanta ê se-chng sek, i tō sī tī thâu-chêng pâi. Góa hi-bāng in kín kiat-hun, án-ne tō bē hiah chia̍p khòaⁿ tio̍h i. In sīm-chì bô tòa chò-hóe, lí chai lah. He oân-choân sī sûnx ê ài-chêng.”
Yi chiām-sî pàng-hā ‘ián-oân’ siaⁿ-sàu, kóng: “In chò-hóe chiâⁿ kam-tiⁿ. Ū-sî, in khah sêng siang-seⁿ-á, m̄-sī ài-jîn. Siang-lâng tiong-kan oân-choân sìn-jīm; tio̍h óa-khò lēng-gōa hit-pòaⁿ chiah ē-tit chiâⁿ-chò oân-chéng. Chiū góa khòaⁿ, in m̄-bat oan-ke – a̍h sīm-chì bē sio-chèⁿ. Sûnx ê ài-chêng, góa án-ne kóng. Che sī Brent chah hō͘ lí ê sioh?”
Yi kō͘ hoâi-gî ê chéng-thâu-á thok hit-pún Oliphant kāux ê chheh.
“Tio̍h, i kā kià tī mn̂g-pâng hō͘ góa.”
“Che khòaⁿ sī pháiⁿ siau-hòa.”
“Sió-khóa hông ùi, lán án-ne kóng. Lo̍h-âu liáu-āu, che put-chí-á hó siau-hòa. Che sī siá hō͘ ha̍k-seng ê le̍k-sú. Thê-kiong siông-sè sū-si̍t.”
“Urh!”
“Siōng-bô góa í-keng hoat-hiān hit-ê siū chun-kèng ê sîn-sèng Thomas More Sià ùi tó-ūi tit-tio̍h Richard ê chu-liāu.”
“Sī oh? Ùi tó?”
“Ùi chi̍t-ê kiò John Morton hia.”
“M̄-bat thiaⁿ-kòe i.”
“Góa mā m̄-bat, tān he sī lán bû-ti.”
“I sī siáng?”
“I sī Henry VII ê Canterbury Tōa Chú-kàu. Sī Richard ê sí tùi-thâu.” Nā Marta ē-hiáu kho͘ si-á, yi tiāⁿ-tio̍h ē kho͘ si-á piáu-sī ì-kiàn.
“Só͘-í, he sī bé-chhùi (chu-liāu goân-thâu)!”
“He sī bé-chhùi. It-chhè āu-lâi tùi Richard ê kóng-hoat, lóng sī kin-kì hit-ê kóng-hoat. Holinshead kin-kì hit-ê kò͘-sū pian i ê le̍k-sú, Shakespeare kin-kì hit-ê kò͘-sū sok-chō i ê kak-sek.”
“Só͘-í, che sī oàn-chheh Richard ê lâng ê pán-pún. Góa pún-lâi m̄-chai che. Sī án-chóaⁿ sîn-sèng Thomas Sià chhái-iōng Morton ê pán-pún, m̄-sī pa̍t-lâng ê?”
“M̄-koán i chhái-iōng siáng, he lóng sī Tudor Ông-tiâu ê pán-pún. Tān-sī, i iōng Morton ê pán-pún, khòaⁿ sī in-ūi siàu-liân sî bat tòa tī Morton tau. Tong-jiân, hit-sî Morton hui-siông oa̍h-thiàu, só͘-í kì-lo̍k chi̍t-ê chhin-ba̍k-kìⁿ pán-pún chin chū-jiân, in-ūi he sī tē-it chhiú chu-liāu.” Marta koh kō͘ chéng-thâu-á thok Oliphant ê chheh. “Siá che bô-liâu kāu chheh ê le̍k-sú ha̍k-ka ū sêng-jīn che sī ū phian-kiàn ê pán-pún bô?”
“Oliphant? Kan-ta àm-sī. Láu-si̍t kóng, i ka-tī tùi Richard mā kin-ká-kô. Tī kāng chi̍t-ia̍h, i kóng, Richard sī hông khim-pōe ê hêng-chèng koaⁿ kap chiong-kun, miâ-siaⁿ hó, ún-tiōng koh seng-oa̍h kui-kí, pí-khí Woodville po̍k-hoat hō͘ (Ông-hiō ê chhin-chiâⁿ), i kài ū lâng-iân; tān i koh kóng, Richard ‘oân-choân bô chām-chat, ūi-tio̍h the̍h he kàu chhiú ê ông-koan, goān-ì liâu-kòe jīm-hô hoeh-thâm.’ Tī bó͘ chi̍t-ia̍h, i bián-kióng kóng: ‘Ū lí-iû siong-sìn, i m̄-sī bô liông-sim ê lâng,’ tān kàu āu-bīn ia̍h, i iū pò-tō More hit-khoán ê biô-siá, kóng i sī chi̍t-ê hō͘ ka-tī hêng-ûi chiat-bôa kah khùn bē-khì ê lâng, tt.”
“Siá che bô-liâu kāu chheh ê Oliphant kám phian hiòng âng mûi-kùi (Lancaster Phài)?”
“Oh, góa siūⁿ m̄-sī. Góa bô jīn-ûi i sī ū ì-sek ê Lancaster Phài. M̄-koh taⁿ góa siūⁿ khí-lâi, i tùi Henry ê chhoàn-ūi kài khoan-iông. Góa bē kì-tit i bat tī jīm-hô só͘-chāi kiông-lia̍t kóng-kòe, Henry tùi he ông-ūi liân chi̍t-sut-á khoân-lī to bô.”
“Nā án-ne, siáng kā i sak khí-lih, góa sī kóng Henry..”
“Lancaster chhun ê lâng kap po̍k-hoat-hō͘ Woodville ka-cho̍k, góa siūⁿ koh-ū in-ūi gín-á bô͘-sat só͘ ín-khí ê choân-kok hùn-khài. Hián-jiân, jīm-hô ū chi̍t-sut-á Lancaster hiat-thóng ê lâng lóng sek-ha̍p. Henry pún-sin chin kan-khiáu, i kā ‘cheng-ho̍k’ khǹg tī tit ông-ūi ê thâu-chêng, jiân-āu chiah thê-khí i ê Lancaster hiat-thóng. ‘Chiàu chiàn-cheng ê lu̍t-hoat, mā chiàu Lancaster ê lu̍t-hoat.’ In lāu-bú sī Edward III tē-3 hāu-seⁿ ê su-seng-chú ê kè-sêng-jîn.”
“Góa só͘ chai ê Henry VII sī, i kài hó-gia̍h koh kài tàng-sng. Lí kám chai he Kiplin ê khó-ài kò͘-sū, kóng, Henry hong chi̍t-ê thih-kang chò khî-sū, m̄-sī in-ūi i chò chhut iu-bí ê chok-phín, sī in-ūi i ūi i chiat-séng chi̍t-kóa chong-sek hoe-iūⁿ ê hùi-iōng?”
“Kō͘ piah-thán āu-bīn hit-ki seⁿ-sian kiàm. Lí tiāⁿ-tio̍h sī liáu-kái chit-ê Kiplin kò͘-sū ê chió-sò͘ lú-sū chi-it.”
“Oh, góa tī chēx hong-bīn lóng chhut-sek neh. Só͘-í, lí tùi Richard ê kò-sèng, bô pí í-chêng khah liáu-kái?”
“Bô. Góa kap Cuthbert Oliphant Sià kāng-khoán gông chhiax, Sîn tio̍h pó-pì i. Goán ûi-it ê cheng-chha chāi tī, góa chai góa gông chhiax, tān i ká-ná m̄-chai chit-tiám neh.”
“Lí ū tiāⁿ kìⁿ góa hit-ê mô͘ chhàngx iûⁿ-ko?”
“Chū i tē-it pái lâi, góa m̄-bat koh khòaⁿ-tio̍h i, he sī 3 kang chêng ê tāi-chì. Góa khai-sí hoâi-gî, sī m̄-sī i hoán-hóe tah-èng ê tāi-chì.”
“Oh, bē lah. Góa káⁿ khak-tēng i bē. ‘Tiong-sêng’ sī i ê kî-hō kap sìn-tiâu.”
“Chhin-chhiūⁿ Richard?”
“Richard?”
“I ê chō-iū-bêng sī ‘Tiong-sêng pa̍k-sin’ (Loyaulté me lie).”
--
章 8.
8.1 歷史 ê 馬喙: Richard III “黑材料” ê 源頭
“Eh,” 等 Marta 閣來 ê 時, 她講, “你感覺 我彼隻 毛 chhàngx羊羔按怎?”
“你為我 揣著伊, 實在誠好.”
“我免揣伊 lah. 伊 tiux tī 我 hia 踅. 伊袂輸 蹛 tī 劇場 neh. 伊定著 已經看 ‘坐碗出海’ 500 擺 ah. 若毋是 tī Atlanta ê 梳妝室, 伊 tō 是 tī 頭前排. 我希望 in 緊結婚, án-ne tō 袂 hiah chia̍p 看著他. In 甚至 無蹛做伙, 你知 lah. He 完全是 sûnx ê 愛情.”
她 暫時放下 ‘演員’ 聲嗽, 講: “In 做伙 誠甘甜. 有時, in 較成 雙生仔, 毋是愛人. 雙人中間 完全信任; 著倚靠 另外 hit 半 才會得 成做完整. 就我看, in m̄-bat 冤家 - a̍h 甚至 袂相諍. Sûnx ê 愛情, 我 án-ne 講. 這是 Brent 扎 hō͘ 你 ê sioh?”
她 kō͘ 懷疑 ê 指頭仔 托 彼本 Oliphant kāux ê 冊.
“著, 伊 kā 寄 tī 門房 hō͘ 我.”
“Che 看是 歹消化.”
“小可 hông 畏, 咱 án-ne 講. 落喉了後, che 不止仔 好消化. 這是 寫 hō͘ 學生 ê 歷史. 提供 詳細事實.”
“Urh!”
“上無 我已經 發現 彼个 受尊敬 ê 神聖 Thomas More Sià ùi 佗位 得著 Richard ê 資料.”
“是 oh? Ùi 佗?”
“Ùi 一个叫 John Morton hia.”
“M̄-bat 聽過伊.”
“我 mā m̄-bat, 但 he 是咱無知.”
“伊是 siáng?”
“伊是 Henry VII ê Canterbury 大主教. 是 Richard ê 死對頭.”
若 Marta 會曉 kho͘ si-á, 她定著會 kho͘ si-á 表示意見.
“所以, he 是馬喙 (資料源頭)!”
“He 是馬喙. 一切後來 對 Richard ê 講法, lóng 是 根據 彼个講法. Holinshead 根據 彼个故事 編 伊 ê 歷史, Shakespeare 根據 彼个故事 塑造 伊 ê 角色.”
“所以, 這是怨慼 Richard ê 人 ê 版本. 我本來 毋知 che. 是按怎神聖 Thomas Sià 採用 Morton ê 版本, 毋是別人 ê?”
“毋管 伊採用 siáng, he lóng 是 Tudor 王朝 ê 版本. 但是, 伊用 Morton ê 版本, 看是因為 少年時 bat 蹛 tī Morton 兜. 當然, 彼時 Morton 非常活跳, 所以 記錄 一个 親目見 版本 真自然, 因為 he 是 第一手 資料.”
Marta koh kō͘ 指頭仔托 Oliphant ê 冊. “寫 che 無聊厚冊 ê 歷史學家 有承認 這是 有偏見 ê 版本無?”
“Oliphant? 干焦暗示. 老實講, 伊 ka-tī 對 Richard mā kin-ká-kô. Tī 仝一頁, 伊講, Richard 是 hông 欽佩 ê 行政官 kap 將軍, 名聲好, 穩重 koh 生活規矩, 比起 Woodville 暴發戶 (王后 ê 親情), 伊 kài 有人緣; 但伊 koh 講, Richard ‘完全 無站節, 為著提 he 到手 ê 王冠, 願意 遼過 任何血潭.’ Tī 某一頁, 伊勉強講: ‘有理由 相信, 伊毋是 無良心 ê 人,’ 但 到 後面頁, 伊又報導 More 彼款 ê 描寫, 講 伊是 一个 hō͘ ka-tī 行為 折磨 kah 睏袂去 ê 人, tt.”
“寫 che 無聊厚冊 ê Oliphant 敢偏向 紅玫瑰 (Lancaster 派)?”
“Oh, 我想毋是. 我無認為 伊是 有意識 ê Lancaster 派. 毋過 今 我想起來, 伊對 Henry ê 篡位 kài 寬容. 我袂記得 伊 bat tī 任何所在 強烈講過, Henry 對 he 王位 連 一屑仔 權利 to 無.”
“若 án-ne, siáng kā 伊 捒起 lih, 我是講 Henry..”
“Lancaster 賰 ê 人 kap 暴發戶 Woodville 家族, 我想 koh 有因為 囡仔謀殺 所引起 ê 全國憤慨. 顯然, 任何 有一屑仔 Lancaster 血統 ê 人 lóng 適合. Henry 本身 真奸巧, 伊 kā ‘征服’ 囥 tī得王位 ê 頭前, 然後 才提起 伊 ê Lancaster 血統. ‘照戰爭 ê 律法, mā 照 Lancaster ê 律法.’ In 老母 是 Edward III 第 3 後生 ê 私生子 ê 繼承人.”
“我所知 ê Henry VII 是, 伊 kài 好額 koh kài 凍霜. 你敢知 he Kiplin ê 可愛故事, 講, Henry 封一个鐵工 做騎士, 毋是因為 伊做出 優美 ê 作品, 是 因為伊 為伊 節省 一寡 裝飾花樣 ê 費用?”
“Kō͘ 壁毯後面 hit 支 生鉎劍. 你定著是 了解 這个 Kiplin 故事 ê 少數女士 之一.”
“Oh, 我 tī chēx 方面 lóng 出色 neh. 所以, 你對 Richard ê 個性, 無 比以前 較了解?”
“無. 我 kap Cutbert Oliphant Sià 仝款 gông chhiax, 神 著 保庇伊. 阮唯一 ê 精差 在 tī, 我知 我 gông chhiax, 但伊 ká-ná 毋知 chit 點 neh.”
“你有 tiāⁿ 見 我彼个毛 chhàngx 羊羔?”
“自伊 第一擺 來, 我 m̄-bat koh 看著伊, he 是 3 工前 ê 代誌. 我開始 懷疑, 是毋是 伊反悔 答應 ê 代誌.”
“Oh, 袂 lah. 我 káⁿ 確定 伊袂. ‘忠誠’ 是 伊 ê 旗號 kap 信條.”
“親像 Richard?”
“Richard?”
“伊 ê 座右銘是 ‘忠誠縛身’ (Loyaulté me lie).”
--
8.
8.1
‘Well,’ said Marta when she came again, ‘what did you think of my woolly lamb?’
‘It was very kind of you to find him for me.’
‘I didn’t have to find him. He’s continually underfoot. He practically lives at the theatre. He must have seen To Sea in a Bowl five hundred times; when he isn’t in Atlanta’s dressing-room he’s in front. I wish they’d get married, and then we might see less of him. They’re not even living together, you know. It’s all pure idyll.’ /
She dropped her ‘actress’ voice for a moment and said: ‘They’re rather sweet together. In some ways they are more like twins than lovers. They have that utter trust in each other; that dependence on the other half to make a proper whole. And they never have rows—or even quarrels, that I can see. An idyll, as I said. Was it Brent who brought you this?’
She poked the solid bulk of Oliphant with a doubtful finger.
‘Yes, he left it with the porter for me.’
‘It looks very indigestible.’
‘A bit unappetising, let us say. It is quite easily digested once you have swallowed it. History for the student. Set out in detailed fact.’
‘Ugh!’
[Pg 100]‘At least I’ve discovered where the revered and sainted Sir Thomas More got his account of Richard.’
‘Yes? Where?’
‘From one John Morton.’
‘Never heard of him.’
‘Neither did I, but that’s our ignorance.’
‘Who was he?’
‘He was Henry VII’s Archbishop of Canterbury. And Richard’s bitterest enemy.’
If Marta had been capable of whistling, she would have whistled in comment.
‘So that was the horse’s mouth!’ she said.
‘That was the horse’s mouth. And it is on that account of Richard that all the later ones were built. It is on that story that Holinshead fashioned his history, and on that story that Shakespeare fashioned his character.’
‘So it is the version of someone who hated Richard. I didn’t know that. Why did the sainted Sir Thomas report Morton rather than someone else?’
‘Whoever he reported, it would be a Tudor version. But he reported Morton, it seems, because he had been in Morton’s household as a boy. And of course Morton had been very much “on in the act”, so it was natural to write down the version of an eyewitness whose account he could have at first hand.’
Marta poked her finger at Oliphant again. ‘Does your dull fat historian acknowledge that it is a biassed version?’
‘Oliphant? Only by implication. He is, to be honest, in a sad muddle himself about Richard. On the same page he says that he was an admirable administrator and general, with an excellent reputation, staid and good-living, very popular by contrast with the Woodville[Pg 101] upstarts (the Queen’s relations) and that he was “perfectly unscrupulous and ready to wade through any depth of bloodshed to the crown which lay within his grasp”. On one page he says grudgingly: “There are reasons for supposing that he was not destitute of a conscience” and then on a later page reports More’s picture of a man so tormented by his own deed that he could not sleep. And so on.’
‘Does your dull fat Oliphant prefer his roses red, then?’
‘Oh, I don’t think so. I don’t think he is consciously Lancastrian. Though now that I think of it he is very tolerant of Henry VII’s usurpation. I can’t remember his saying anywhere, brutally, that Henry hadn’t a vestige of a shadow of a claim to the throne.’
‘Who put him there, then? Henry, I mean.’
‘The Lancastrian remnant and the upstart Woodvilles, backed, I suppose, by a country revolted by the boys’ murder. Apparently anyone with a spice of Lancastrian blood in their veins would do. Henry himself was canny enough to put “conquest” first in his claim to the throne, and his Lancaster blood second. “De jure belli et de jure Lancastriae.” His mother was the heir of an illegitimate son of the third son of Edward III.’
‘All I know about Henry VII is that he was fantastically rich and fantastically mean. Do you know the lovely Kipling story about his knighting the craftsman not for having done beautiful work but for having saved him the cost of some scroll-work?’
‘With a rusty sword from behind the arras. You must be one of the few women who know their Kipling.’
‘Oh, I’m a very remarkable woman in many ways.[Pg 102] So you are no nearer finding out about Richard’s personality than you were?’
‘No. I’m as completely bewildered as Sir Cuthbert Oliphant, bless his heart. The only difference between us is that I know I’m bewildered and he doesn’t seem to be aware of it.’
‘Have you seen much of my woolly lamb?’
‘I’ve seen nothing of him since his first visit, and that’s three days ago. I’m beginning to wonder whether he has repented of his promise.’
‘Oh, no. I’m sure not. Faithfulness is his banner and creed.’
‘Like Richard.’
‘Richard?’
‘His motto was: “Loyaulté me lie”. Loyalty binds me.’
--
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